Symptoms in different stages of pregnancy

Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more offspring, known as a fetus or embryo, inside the
womb of a female. There can be multiple gestations in pregnancy like twins and triplets.
It generally takes 38 to 40 weeks in the birth of a child. The baby develops slowly in the
different stages of pregnancy. Find out what is happening between the mother and the
baby. For more detailed information about pregnancy and related topics please see the
pregnancy powerpoint presentation

Different stages of Pregnancy

Following three stages define the physiology changes in the mother during pregnancy.

• First trimester (week 1-week 12)
• Second trimester (week 13-week 28)
• Third trimester (week 29-week 40)

Definition with symptoms in different stages of Pregnancy

First Trimester – It is the most crucial stage and many precautions are to be taken in this
stage. During the first stage of pregnancy there are many hormonal changes that occur in
different parts of the body. These changes led to some symptoms in the body like stopping
of periods which is the basic symptom. Other symptoms are as follows:-

• Extreme tiredness
• Tender, swollen breasts and nipples might also stick out.
• Morning sickness
• Cravings or dislike for certain foods
• Mood swings
• Constipation
• Headache
• Heartburn
• Weight gain or loss
• Need to pass urine more often

In the first stage you should change the daily routine in some ways as going to bed earlier
or eating frequently or small meals. As the pregnancy progresses the discomforts are
automatically go away. The symptoms also depend upon person to person. In fact if you are
once pregnant and the second time you will feel different.

Second trimester – some women feels that the second stage is easier than the first one.
Symptoms like fatigue and nausea would reduce but some new symptoms develop in this
stage. Your abdomen will expand as the baby continues to grow. As the baby grows you will
notice the movement of the baby in this stage.

• Body aches, back ache, groin, or thigh pain
• Stretch marks on your abdomen, breasts, thighs, or buttocks
• Darkening of the skin around your nipples
• A line on the skin running from belly button to pubic hairline
• Patches of darker skin usually over the cheeks, forehead, nose, or upper lip.
• Numb or tingling hands, called carpal tunnel syndrome
• Itching on the abdomen, palms, and feet.
• Swelling of the ankles, fingers, and face.

Third trimester – Symptoms in second and third stage is mostly common. Some of the
changes which occur in the third stage are as follows:

• Shortness of breath
• Heartburn
• Hemorrhoids
• Tender breasts, which may leak watery pre-milk called colostrum (kuh-LOSS-
• struhm)
• Belly button may stick out
• Problems in sleeping
• The baby "dropping", or moving lower in your abdomen
• Contractions, which can be a sign of real or false labor

As the due date is near the cervix becomes thinner and soft which is a natural process that
help the birth canal open during the birth of the baby. The third stage is the final count
down in the birth of the baby.

If you are attending any seminar or conference on pregnancy amd its related topics you can
click here to get pregnancy PowerPoint templates.

A complete guide for Arthritis | What is Arthritis

What is Arthritis?

Arthritis is a group of conditions involving damage to the joints of the body. There are more than
100 forms of arthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. Other forms include
rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and related autoimmune diseases. Septic arthritis is caused by
joint infection. Joint pain is the common complaint by those who suffers from arthritis and is known as
arthralgia. The pain happens in the joint affected. The pain from arthritis occurs due to inflammation
which occurs around the joint, damage to the joint from disease, daily wear and tear of joint, painful
joints and fatigue. For more information on arthritis you can click here to see arthritis powerpoint
presentation.

Causes of Arthritis

The causes of arthritis depend upon its forms. General causes of arthritis are as follows:

• Injury (leading to osteoarthritis)
• Metabolic abnormalities (such as gout and pseudogout)
• Hereditary factors
• Direct and indirect effect of infections (bacterial and viral)
• Misdirected immune system with autoimmunity (such as in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic
• Lupus erythematosus)

Signs and symptoms of arthritis

Some common symptoms for all arthritis disorders include varied levels of pain, swelling, joint stiffness
and sometimes a constant ache around the joint(s). Arthritic disorders like lupus and rheumatoid can
also affect other organs in the body with a variety of symptoms.

• Unable to use hand or walk
• Malaise and fatigue
• Fever and weight loss
• Muscle aches and pains
• Difficulty in moving the joint
• Tenderness

Some of the symptoms also include abnormalities of organs such as the lungs, heart, or kidneys

How is arthritis diagnosed?

A meeting between a doctor and a patient is important for the diagnosis of arthritis. The doctor will ask
about the problems the patient is facing along with his previous health history. Blood, urine, joint fluid,
and/or X-ray tests might be conducted in accordance with the symptoms. Regular checkups and visits
are then told by the doctor. A doctor with a special training of arthritis is known as rheumatologist.

After diagnose it is essential for both patient and the doctor to communicate regarding the symptoms
faced by patient and the result of the treatment as well. Click here to get arthritis powerpoint slides to
make alluring presentation on arthritis.

What is the treatment for arthritis?

Earlier and prompt diagnosis increases the chances for successful treatment. The treatment of arthritis
is dependent upon the type of arthritis. Treatments available include physical therapy, splinting, cold-
pack application, paraffin wax dips, anti-inflammatory medications, immune-altering medications, and
surgical operations.

Prevention of Arthritis

Neither Rheumatoid arthritis nor osteoarthritis can be prevented completely. Risk can be reduced
by actively doing physical activities like losing weight, exercise, and eating healthy diet. If you have
have pain in the joints you should look for early diagnosis because the earlier the treatment is started,
the better is the diagnosed. Get arthritis powerpoint templates to make attractive powerpoint
presentation on arthritis by clicking here.

What is AIDS?

AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease of the human immune system which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus also known as HIV. This situation gradually reduces the efficiency of the immune system and leaves individuals prone to various infections and tumors. According to the statistics about 2.1 million people are died because of AIDS which also includes children. For more information on Aids click here to see Aids Powerpoint Presentation.

Though the gradually spreading of disease can be controlled through treatments on AIDS and HIV but there is no cure and vaccine till date. There is antiretroviral treatment which reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV AIDS, but these drugs are costly and everyday access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all the countries. 

As there are difficulties in treating HIV AIDS prevention is the best way to control AIDS. Many health organizations are promoting safe sex and needle-exchange programs in attempt of HIV AIDS. 

Awareness about aids can help to reduce the widespread of AIDS up to some extent. Also if one million people are suffering from aids and if they are ignorant then at least more than 50 % will also infected by aids. Thus there should be lot of awareness for AIDS and one should avoid contact with HIV positive person.

How AIDS transmits?

 HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk. This transmission can involve anal, vaginal or oral sex, blood transfusion, infected hypodermic needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding or other exposure to one of the above bodily fluids.

However there are no documented cases of HIV being transmitted by tears or saliva till date, but it is possible to be infected with HIV through oral sex or in rare cases through deep kissing, especially if you have open sores in your mouth or bleeding gums.

Taking preventive measures and awareness can help reduce HIV AIDS as “prevention is better than cure”.

If you are a doctor or anyone who need to make PowerPoint presentation on aids, just click here to get Aids PowerPoint Templates for an enticing presentation.

Inflammation and its causes and treatment

What is Inflammation?
Inflammation is a basic disease in which the body reacts to infection, irritation or other injury. The main feature of Inflammation is redness, warmth, swelling and pain. It is a type of nonspecific immune response. Inflammation is commonly known as the painful component of arthritis but it is also a component of chronic diseases such as heart disease and strokes. Inflammation is the process which involves non acceptance of any foreign substance in the body.

Majorly inflammation is of two types:
• Acute inflammation
• Chronic inflammation
Acute Inflammation is caused by Pathogens, injured tissues whether chronic inflammation is caused by non-degradable pathogens, persistent foreign bodies, or autoimmune reactions.
Acute inflammation occurs immediately but chronic inflammation occurs at a low pace. To know more about inflammations please see the inflammation power point presentation by clicking here.

Symptoms of Inflammation
• Redness
• Swollen joint that is warm to touch
• Joint pain
• Joint stiffness
• Loss of joint function
Inflammation also involves some flu like symptoms that are as follows:-
• Fever and Chills
• Fatigue
• Headaches
• Loss of appetite
• Muscle stiffness

Causes of Inflammation
The main cause of inflammation is the non-acceptance of foreign substance by the body’s immune system as a result there is a leakage of fluids or chemicals from the body and thus it causes swelling, pain and redness etc. For more information about causes or treatment of inflammation please see the inflammation ppt slides by clicking here.

Medicines used for treating Inflammation
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs – such as aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen)
• Corticosteroids (such as prednisone)
• Anti-malarial medications (such as hydroxychloroquine)
Other medicines include methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, anti-TNF medications, cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate.
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Causes and symptoms of Leukemia

What is Leukemia?

Leukemia is a cancer of blood or bone marrow which is characterized by an abnormal increase of blood cells, usually leukocytes (white blood cells). To know more about inflammations please see the Leukemia powerpoint presentation by clicking here.

Classification of Leukemia

Leukemia is of two types and it classified on the basis of how it develops and worsens the condition of the body. Following are the two types of Leukemia:-

Chronic Leukemia

Acute Leukemia

Classification on the basis of white blood cells

Lymphocytic leukemia or ("lymphoblastic")

Myelogenous leukemi or ("myeloid" or "nonlymphocytic")   

        

Definition and classification

Chronic Leukemia - chronic leukemia is the one which hits the body very slowly and in early stages it doesn’t even show any symptoms also. As soon as the cells in the blood increase it shows some mild symptoms.

Acute Leukemia – Acute Leukemia is the one which rapidly attacks the body and worsens the condition gradually.

Leukemia can also be categorized on the basis of white blood cells. Leukemia can start in lymphoid cells or myeloid cells.

Lymphoblastic or lymphocytic leukemias - The cancerous change takes place in a marrow cell that normally goes on to form lymphocytes, which are infection-fighting immune system cells.

IMyeloid or myelogenous leukemias - the cancerous change takes place in a marrow cell that normally goes on to form red blood cells, some other types of white cells, and platelets.

There are also some more sub categories of Leukemia. You can get Leukemia PowerPoint slides and Leukemia powerpoint background for making an attractive presentation on Leukemia.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of leukemia depend upon its type but there are some common symptoms which are as follows:-

·         Fever and night sweats.

·         Headache

·         Bruising or bleeding easily

·         Joint pains

·         swollen or painful belly

·         Swollen lymph nodes

·         Fatigue

·         Losing weight and loss of appetite

Sometimes the symptoms also vary from individual to individual.

Causes / risk factors of Leukemia

Specialist doesn’t find any specific cause for Leukemia but there are some risk factors behind it. Following are some of the risk factors of Leukemia:-

·         Exposed to large amounts of radiation.

·         Exposed to certain chemicals at work, such as benzene.

·         Had chemotherapy to treat any other cancer.

·         Have Down syndrome or some other genetic problems.

·         Smoking

Most of the patients who suffered from Leukemia don’t find these causes and in whom these causes are found are not suffering from Leukemia. For more information about causes or treatment of inflammation please see the  Leukemia ppt slides by clicking here.

Diagnosis of Leukemia

If any symptoms are recognized by the doctor than the following testing is to be conducted

·         Physical examination

·         Blood tests

·         Biopsy

·         Bone marrow aspiration

·         Cytogenetics

·         Spinal tap

·         Chest X-ray

Treatment of Leukemia

Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, biological therapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplant are some of the treatment done when a person is suffering from Leukemia. If your spleen is enlarged, in that case doctor may suggest surgery to remove it. Treatment however depends on the type of Leukemia and is treated accordingly. If you are a doctor and want to make a presentation on Leukemia please see the link

If you want to give a presentation on leukemia, blood cells, white blood cells, leukocytes, leukocytosis, leucopenia, leukemia, immune system, immunology, etc.  in some conference etc. please see the leukemia ppt template

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